Nonane (C9H20) is a hydrocarbon compound with nine carbon atoms, known for its use as a fuel additive. It is a colorless liquid with a strong odor and is commonly found in petroleum.
| IUPAC Name | Nonane |
| Molecular Formula | C9H20 |
| CAS Number | 111-84-2 |
| Synonyms | n-Nonane, Nonane, n-Nonylhydride |
| InChI | InChI=1S/C9H20/c1-3-5-7-9-8-6-4-2/h3-9H2,1-2H3 |
Nonane Properties
Nonane Formula
The formula of nonane is C9H20. It consists of nine carbon atoms and twenty hydrogen atoms. The formula represents the arrangement of atoms in a molecule of nonane.
Nonane Molar Mass
The molar mass of nonyl hydride is calculated by summing up the atomic masses of its constituent atoms. Nonane has a molar mass of approximately 128.26 grams per mole.
Nonane Boiling Point
Nonyl hydride has a boiling point of about 150.8 degrees Celsius. This means that at this temperature, nonyl hydride changes from a liquid state to a gaseous state. The boiling point of nonyl hydride indicates its volatility and can be used to determine its suitability for various applications.
Nonane Melting Point
The melting point of nonyl hydride is around -51 degrees Celsius. This temperature indicates the point at which nonyl hydride transitions from a solid to a liquid state. The melting point is crucial in understanding the physical properties of nonyl hydride.
Nonane Density g/mL
The density of nonyl hydride is approximately 0.718 grams per milliliter. Density measures the mass per unit volume of a substance. The density of nonyl hydride determines its buoyancy and plays a role in its behavior when mixed with other substances.
Nonane Molecular Weight
The molecular weight of nonyl hydride is around 128.26 grams per mole. It is the sum of the atomic weights of all the atoms in a nonyl hydride molecule. The molecular weight provides important information for various chemical calculations and conversions.
Nonane Structure
The structure of nonyl hydride consists of a linear chain of nine carbon atoms bonded to each other with single covalent bonds. Each carbon atom is also bonded to three hydrogen atoms, except for the end carbon atoms, which are bonded to four hydrogen atoms.
Nonane Solubility
Nonyl hydride is insoluble in water. However, it is soluble in organic solvents such as ether, benzene, and chloroform. The solubility of nonyl hydride is influenced by its nonpolar nature, which makes it more compatible with other nonpolar solvents.
| Appearance | Colorless liquid |
| Specific Gravity | 0.718 g/mL |
| Color | Colorless |
| Odor | Strong |
| Molar Mass | 128.26 g/mol |
| Density | 0.718 g/mL |
| Melting Point | -51 °C |
| Boiling Point | 150.8 °C |
| Flash Point | 30 °C |
| Water Solubility | Insoluble |
| Solubility | Soluble in organic solvents such as ether, benzene, and chloroform |
| Vapour Pressure | 2.3 mmHg at 25 °C |
| Vapour Density | 4.4 (air = 1) |
| pKa | Not applicable |
| pH | Neutral |
Nonane Safety and Hazards
Nonyl hydride poses certain safety hazards and should be handled with caution. It is flammable and can form explosive vapor-air mixtures. When working with nonyl hydride, it is essential to ensure proper ventilation and avoid ignition sources. In case of contact with the skin, it may cause irritation and redness. Ingestion or inhalation of nonyl hydride can lead to respiratory irritation and dizziness. It is important to use appropriate personal protective equipment, such as gloves and goggles when handling nonyl hydride. In the event of a spill, immediate containment and cleanup measures should be taken to prevent environmental contamination.
| Hazard Symbols | Flammable (F) |
| Safety Description | Keep away from ignition sources. Ensure proper ventilation. Use protective equipment. |
| UN IDs | UN 1114 |
| HS Code | 2901.10.90 |
| Hazard Class | Class 3 (Flammable liquids) |
| Packing Group | III (Low danger) |
| Toxicity | Low toxicity |
Nonyl hydride is classified as a flammable liquid, represented by the hazard symbol “F.” Safety precautions include avoiding ignition sources, ensuring adequate ventilation, and utilizing appropriate personal protective equipment. Its UN ID is 1114, and the HS Code for nonyl hydride is 2901.10.90. It falls under Hazard Class 3 for flammable liquids and Packing Group III, indicating low danger during transportation. Nonyl hydride exhibits low toxicity, further emphasizing the importance of handling it responsibly and following safety guidelines.
Nonane Synthesis Methods
There are several methods for synthesizing nonyl hydride. One commonly used method involves catalytically cracking petroleum fractions. In this process, high temperatures heat heavy petroleum fractions, and they pass over a catalyst that breaks down large hydrocarbon molecules into smaller ones, including nonyl hydride.
Another method entails hydrogenating alkylbenzenes derived from the reaction of benzene with olefins. With the presence of a catalyst, alkylbenzenes undergo hydrogenation to produce nonyl hydride. An acid catalyst facilitates the alkylation of propylene with butene, producing higher-molecular-weight hydrocarbons, such as nonyl hydride.
Furthermore, isomerization of linear alkanes like octane or decane synthesizes nonyl hydride. Isomerization involves rearranging the carbon atoms within the molecule to form different structural isomers, including nonyl hydride.
These synthesis methods enable the commercial-scale production of nonyl hydride, making it a valuable hydrocarbon compound for various industrial applications, including its use as a fuel additive and solvent.
Nonane Uses
Nonyl hydride has several uses across different industries due to its unique properties. Here are some key applications:
- Fuel Additive: Nonyl hydride is it a common fuel additive in gasoline. It improves the octane rating, which enhances engine performance and reduces the occurrence of knocking or pinging.
- Solvent: Nonyl hydride serves as a solvent in various industries, including paint, coatings, and adhesive manufacturing. Its low volatility and ability to dissolve different substances make it suitable for these applications.
- Chemical Intermediate: Nonyl hydride serves as a chemical intermediate in the production of other compounds. It serves as a starting material for the synthesis of higher alkanes and alkylbenzenes, which find use in the production of detergents, lubricants, and plastics.
- Extraction Solvent: In the pharmaceutical and natural product industries, professionals utilize nonyl hydride as an extraction solvent due to its nonpolar nature. It helps separate and isolate compounds from plant materials or other organic sources.
- Laboratory Reagent: Various analytical techniques in the laboratory employ nonyl hydride as a reagent, particularly in chromatography. It can act as a standard reference compound or a solvent for sample preparation.
- Cleaning Agent: Nonyl hydride finds application as a cleaning agent in certain industrial processes, such as degreasing and precision cleaning. Its ability to dissolve oils, greases, and other contaminants makes it effective for these cleaning purposes.
- Plasticizer: Plastic manufacturers add nonyl hydride as a plasticizer to enhance the flexibility and durability of plastics. It helps enhance the processing and performance properties of plastic materials.
These diverse uses highlight the importance of nonyl hydride in various industries, where its properties contribute to improved fuel performance, efficient extraction processes, effective cleaning, and the production of essential chemical compounds and materials.
Questions:
Q: What is the name of this molecule? nonene nonane 1-octyne 1-octene
A: The name for this molecule is nonyl hydride.
Q: What is nonane?
A: Nonyl hydride is an organic compound with the molecular formula C9H20, commonly used as a solvent and in the production of gasoline additives.
Q: Is nonane a solid at room temperature?
A: No, nonyl hydride is a liquid at room temperature.
Q: Which of the following compounds will be most soluble in nonane (C9H20)?
A: Nonpolar compounds will be most soluble in nonyl hydride (C9H20).
Q: Which of the following is bicyclo[3.2.2]nonane?
A: Bicyclo[3.2.2]nonane is the correct representation for the given compound.
Q: What is the formula for n-nonane?
A: The formula for n-nonyl hydride is C9H20.
Q: Is nonane unsaturated hydrocarbons?
A: No, nonyl hydride is a saturated hydrocarbon.
Q: How to draw nonane? How to draw C9H20?
A: Nonyl hydride can be drawn as a straight chain of nine carbon atoms with 20 hydrogen atoms attached. The chemical formula C9H20 represents nonyl hydride.
Q: What is nonane found in?
A: Nonyl hydride can be found in petroleum and crude oil.
Q: Of the following isomers of C9H20, which is the most stable?
A: The most stable isomer of C9H20 would depend on the specific arrangement and configuration of the carbon atoms.
Q: What is C9H20?
A: C9H20 is the molecular formula for nonyl hydride, an organic compound.
Q: Is C9H20 polar or nonpolar?
A: C9H20 (nonyl hydride) is a nonpolar molecule due to its symmetric and evenly distributed structure.