Sodium benzoate is a food preservative. It extends shelf life, inhibits the growth of bacteria and fungi, and is commonly used in beverages, condiments, and processed foods.
| IUPAC Name | Sodium benzoate |
| Molecular Formula | C7H5O2Na |
| CAS Number | 532-32-1 |
| Synonyms | Benzoic acid sodium salt, Benzoate of soda, Sodium salt of benzoic acid |
| InChI | InChI=1S/C7H6O2.Na/c8-7(9)6-4-2-1-3-5-6;/h1-5H,(H,8,9);/q;+1/p-1 |
Sodium Benzoate Properties
Sodium Benzoate Formula
The formula for benzoic acid sodium salt is C7H5O2Na. It consists of seven carbon atoms, five hydrogen atoms, two oxygen atoms, and one sodium atom. The presence of the sodium atom gives benzoic acid sodium salt its characteristic properties.
Sodium Benzoate Molar Mass
The molar mass of benzoic acid sodium salt is calculated by adding the atomic masses of all its constituent atoms. It is approximately 144.11 grams per mole. The molar mass is useful for determining the amount of benzoic acid sodium salt in a given sample.
Sodium Benzoate Boiling Point
The boiling point of benzoic acid sodium salt is an important characteristic. At standard atmospheric pressure, it has a boiling point of around 410 degrees Celsius (770 degrees Fahrenheit). This high boiling point ensures stability and makes it suitable for various applications.
Sodium Benzoate Melting Point
Benzoic acid sodium salt has a relatively low melting point. It typically melts at around 300 degrees Celsius (572 degrees Fahrenheit). The low melting point allows for easy processing and incorporation into various products.
Sodium Benzoate Density g/mL
The density of benzoic acid sodium salt is measured in grams per milliliter (g/mL). It has a density of approximately 1.44 g/mL. The density provides information about the compactness of the substance and is useful for various calculations and formulations.
Sodium Benzoate Molecular Weight
The molecular weight of benzoic acid sodium salt is the sum of the atomic weights of its constituent atoms. It is calculated to be approximately 144.11 grams per mole. The molecular weight is important for determining the stoichiometry and other properties of the compound.
Sodium Benzoate Structure
The structure of benzoic acid sodium salt consists of a benzene ring attached to a carboxyl group. The sodium ion is present as a cation, counterbalancing the negative charge of the carboxylate group. This structure contributes to its stability and solubility in various solvents.
Sodium Benzoate Solubility
The benzoic acid sodium salt is highly soluble in water. It dissolves readily, forming a clear, colorless solution. The solubility in water allows for its effective use as a food preservative and in various aqueous-based formulations. It also exhibits some solubility in organic solvents like ethanol and glycerol.
These characteristics and properties of benzoic acid sodium salt make it a valuable compound in various industries, including food and beverage, pharmaceuticals, and personal care products.
| Appearance | White crystalline powder |
| Specific Gravity | 1.44 (at 20°C) |
| Color | Colorless |
| Odor | Odorless |
| Molar Mass | 144.11 g/mol |
| Density | 1.44 g/mL |
| Melting Point | 300°C |
| Boiling Point | 410°C |
| Flash Point | Not applicable |
| Water Solubility | Soluble |
| Solubility | Soluble in water and solvents such as ethanol, glycerol |
| Vapour Pressure | Negligible |
| Vapour Density | Not available |
| pKa | 4.19 |
| pH | 8.5-10.5 |
Sodium Benzoate Safety and Hazards
The benzoic acid sodium salt is considered safe for consumption and use when used within the approved limits. However, excessive intake or exposure may lead to potential health hazards. It is essential to follow regulatory guidelines and avoid exceeding recommended doses. In rare cases, some individuals may experience adverse reactions or allergies. As a food preservative, it is important to maintain proper storage conditions and avoid contamination. Additionally, benzoic acid sodium salt should not be mixed with certain substances like citric acid or vitamin C, as it may form benzene, a potentially harmful compound. Overall, using benzoic acid sodium salt responsibly and within regulated limits ensures its safe and effective utilization.
| Hazard Symbols | None |
| Safety Description | Avoid excessive intake or exposure. Follow regulatory guidelines. Proper storage and handling required. |
| UN IDs | Not applicable |
| HS Code | 2916.31.00 |
| Hazard Class | Not classified as hazardous |
| Packing Group | Not applicable |
| Toxicity | Generally considered safe when used within approved limits. May cause adverse reactions or allergies in some individuals. |
Sodium Benzoate Synthesis Methods
Various methods synthesize benzoic acid sodium salt.
One commonly used method is the reaction between benzoic acid and sodium hydroxide. In this process, water dissolves benzoic acid, and sodium hydroxide is the added solution. The mixture undergoes heating and stirring to facilitate the reaction. Consequently, the reaction produces benzoic acid sodium salt along with water as a byproduct. The above can be rephrased as follows:
C6H5COOH + NaOH → C6H5COONa + H2O
Another method involves the reaction between benzoic acid and sodium bicarbonate. In this method, you dissolve benzoic acid in a solvent, such as ethanol or water, and you add sodium bicarbonate to the solution. Then, you heat and stir the mixture to facilitate the reaction. The reaction produces benzoic acid sodium salt, along with carbon dioxide and water as byproducts. The above can be represented as follows:
C6H5COOH + NaHCO3 → C6H5COONa + CO2 + H2O
These synthesis methods provide efficient ways to produce benzoic acid sodium salt on an industrial scale. However, it is important to follow appropriate safety measures and handle the chemicals with caution during the synthesis process.
Sodium Benzoate Uses
Benzoic acid sodium salt finds various uses in different industries due to its beneficial properties. Here are some common applications:
- Food Preservation: Food and beverage manufacturers widely use benzoic acid sodium salt as a preservative to extend shelf life by inhibiting the growth of bacteria, yeast, and mold.
- Food Additive: Manufacturers add benzoic acid and sodium salt to various food products like jams, carbonated drinks, pickles, sauces, and dressings to enhance flavor, texture, and overall quality.
- Medicinal Uses: Pharmaceutical companies incorporate benzoic acid sodium salt into medications and pharmaceutical formulations as a preservative to maintain stability and prevent microbial growth.
- Personal Care Products: Cosmetics, skincare, and haircare product manufacturers utilize benzoic acid sodium salt as a preservative to prevent the growth of bacteria, fungi, and other microorganisms.
- Industrial Applications: Industries such as paints, dyes, and coatings incorporate benzoic acid sodium salt as an additive to prevent microbial contamination and enhance product longevity.
- Animal Feed: Benzoic acid sodium salt is an addition to animal feed to preserve its quality and inhibit the growth of harmful microorganisms.
- Laboratory Reagent: Chemical laboratories employ benzoic acid sodium salt as a reagent in various experiments and reactions.
- Water Treatment: Benzoic acid sodium salt serves as a corrosion inhibitor and biocide in water treatment processes.
- Agricultural Uses: Benzoic acid sodium salt has limited use in agriculture as a fungicide to protect crops from fungal infections.
- Fireworks: Benzoic acid sodium salt finds employment in pyrotechnics to generate vibrant colors when combined with other compounds.
The diverse range of applications demonstrates the versatility and significance of benzoic acid sodium salt in different sectors.
Questions:
Q: Is sodium benzoate harmful?
A: Benzoic acid sodium salt is considered safe for consumption when used within approved limits, but excessive intake or exposure should be avoided.
Q: How much sodium benzoate to use in jam?
A: The recommended usage level of benzoic acid sodium salt in jam is around 0.1-0.2% by weight.
Q: How much sodium benzoate to use in juice?
A: The recommended usage level of benzoic acid sodium salt in juice is typically 0.05-0.1% by weight.
Q: Is sodium benzoate an antioxidant?
A: No, benzoic acid sodium salt is primarily used as a preservative and antimicrobial agent, not as an antioxidant.
Q: Is sodium benzoate safe?
A: When used within approved limits, benzoic acid sodium salt is considered safe for consumption and use in various industries.
Q: What is sodium benzoate?
A: Benzoic acid sodium salt is a sodium salt of benzoic acid and is commonly used as a food preservative.
Q: Where to buy sodium benzoate near me?
A: Benzoic acid sodium salt can be purchased from local chemical suppliers, online marketplaces, or specialty food ingredient stores.
Q: What is the pH of the benzoic acid solution prior to adding sodium benzoate?
A: The pH of the benzoic acid solution prior to adding benzoic acid sodium salt is typically acidic, around 2-3.
Q: Is sodium benzoate soluble in water?
A: Yes, benzoic acid sodium salt is highly soluble in water.
Q: Does heat destroy sodium benzoate?
A: Moderate heat does not significantly affect the stability of benzoic acid sodium salt, making it suitable for various food processing and cooking applications.
Q: Is sodium benzoate in Colgate toothpaste?
A: Benzoic acid sodium salt is not typically found in Colgate toothpaste formulations.
Q: What does sodium benzoate do for the skin?
A: Benzoic acid sodium salt is used in skincare products as a preservative to prevent the growth of microorganisms and maintain product quality.
Q: Is sodium benzoate gluten-free?
A: Yes, benzoic acid sodium salt is gluten-free as it is not derived from gluten-containing grains.
Q: Is oxybenzone the same as sodium benzoate?
A: No, oxybenzone and benzoic acid sodium salt are different chemical compounds with distinct properties and uses.