Divinylbenzene (DVB) is a chemical compound used in the production of resins, coatings, and plastics. It enhances durability and hardness, making it valuable in various industries.
| IUPAC Name | 1,3-divinylbenzene |
| Molecular Formula | C10H10 |
| CAS Number | 1321-74-0 |
| Synonyms | divinylbenzol, DVB, 1,3-bis(ethenyl)benzene, 1,3-diethenylbenzene, 1,3-phenylene divinyl, 1,3-benzenediyl-bis(ethene) |
| InChI | InChI=1S/C10H10/c1-3-7-9-8-4-2-6-10(9)5-1/h1-6H,7-8H2 |
Divinylbenzene Properties
Divinylbenzene Formula
The formula of divinylbenzene is C10H10. It consists of ten carbon atoms and ten hydrogen atoms, with two vinyl (ethenyl) groups attached to a central benzene ring. The formula represents the molecular composition of divinylbenzene.
Divinylbenzene Molar Mass
The molar mass of DVB is calculated by adding the atomic masses of its constituent elements. In this case, the molar mass is approximately 130.19 grams per mole (g/mol). Molar mass is a crucial property used in various calculations and stoichiometric relationships.
Divinylbenzene Boiling Point
DVB has a boiling point of approximately 194 to 195 degrees Celsius (°C). This temperature represents the point at which DVB changes from a liquid to a gas phase under standard atmospheric pressure. The boiling point is essential for processes involving separation and purification.
Divinylbenzene Melting Point
The melting point of DVB is around -54 to -53 degrees Celsius (°C). It signifies the temperature at which DVB transitions from a solid to a liquid state. Understanding the melting point is important for determining the physical properties and handling of the compound.
Divinylbenzene Density g/mL
The density of DVB is approximately 0.885 grams per milliliter (g/mL). Density is the measure of mass per unit volume and indicates how compact the substance is. DVB’s density is relevant for various applications, such as in material characterization and formulation.
Divinylbenzene Molecular Weight
The molecular weight of DVB is approximately 130.19 grams per mole (g/mol). Molecular weight is the sum of the atomic weights of all the atoms in a molecule. It is used in various calculations, including determining quantities and reaction stoichiometry.
Divinylbenzene Structure
The structure of DVB consists of a benzene ring with two vinyl (ethenyl) groups attached to adjacent carbon atoms. This structure provides DVB with unique properties, making it useful in polymerization reactions and the production of resins and plastics.
Divinylbenzene Solubility
DVB is sparingly soluble in water but readily dissolves in organic solvents like ethanol and acetone. Its solubility characteristics allow for easy incorporation into various chemical processes and applications.
| Appearance | Clear liquid |
| Specific Gravity | 0.885 g/mL |
| Color | Colorless |
| Odor | Mild aromatic odor |
| Molar Mass | 130.19 g/mol |
| Density | 0.885 g/mL |
| Melting Point | -54 to -53 °C |
| Boiling Point | 194 to 195 °C |
| Flash Point | 68 °C |
| Water Solubility | Sparingly soluble |
| Solubility | Soluble in organic solvents |
| Vapor Pressure | 2.4 mmHg |
| Vapor Density | 4.5 (air = 1) |
| pKa | ~ 9 |
| pH | Neutral |
Divinylbenzene Safety and Hazards
DVB poses certain safety hazards and precautions should be taken when handling it. It is flammable and can ignite if exposed to heat, sparks, or open flames. Proper ventilation is crucial to prevent the buildup of vapors. Direct contact with the skin and eyes should be avoided, as it can cause irritation and potential allergic reactions. In case of ingestion or inhalation, immediate medical attention is necessary. It is important to wear appropriate personal protective equipment, including gloves and safety goggles when working with DVB. Proper storage and handling procedures must be followed to minimize the risk of accidents or exposure.
| Hazard Symbols | Flame, Corrosive, Health Hazard |
| Safety Description | Keep away from heat/sparks/open flames/hot surfaces. Use in a well-ventilated area. Wear protective gloves/protective clothing/eye protection/face protection. Do not breathe dust/fume/gas/mist/vapors/spray. |
| UN IDs | UN 1167 |
| HS Code | 290290 |
| Hazard Class | 3 (Flammable Liquids), 6.1 (Toxic Substances), 8 (Corrosive Substances) |
| Packing Group | II |
| Toxicity | Divinylbenzene is toxic and can cause respiratory irritation and dermatitis upon contact. It is classified as a hazardous material and must be handled with care. Prolonged exposure can cause serious health effects, including organ damage. |
Divinylbenzene Synthesis Methods
Different methods can synthesize DVB.
One common approach is the dehydrogenation of diethylbenzene. In this process, under specific conditions, diethylbenzene undergoes heating usually in the presence of a catalyst to actively remove two hydrogen atoms, thereby resulting in the formation of DVB.
Another method involves the dehydrochlorination of 1,2-dichloroethane. Subjecting 1,2-dichloroethane to elevated temperatures eliminates the chlorine atoms, resulting in the formation of DVB.
In the third method, the dehalogenation of 1,2-dibromoethane actively removes the bromine atoms, resulting in the production of DVB.
In the presence of a suitable catalyst, the alkylation of benzene with acetylene actively produces DVB. This method results in the formation of DVB as a product of the chemical reaction between benzene and acetylene.
Each of these synthesis methods provides a pathway to acquire DVB, a valuable compound utilized in various industrial applications such as manufacturing resins, coatings, and plastics.
Divinylbenzene Uses
DVB finds application in various industries due to its unique properties. Here are some of its uses:
- Polymerization: In the polymerization process, people commonly use DVB as a crosslinking agent. It enhances the durability, hardness, and strength of polymers, making them suitable for applications in coatings, adhesives, and sealants.
- Resin Production: It serves as a key component in the production of styrene-DVB (S-DVB) resins. Water treatment processes widely use these resins due to their excellent ion-exchange properties, which they exhibit, such as purification and desalination.
- Plastics and Composites: In the production of styrene-based plastics and composites, manufacturers actively utilize DVB as a co-monomer. It imparts improved mechanical properties, heat resistance, and chemical resistance to the final products.
- Liquid Scintillation: DVB actively captures and emits light, making it a valuable component in liquid scintillation counting. It serves as a solvent and matrix material for detecting and measuring radioactive isotopes in scientific research and nuclear industry applications.
- Coatings and Adhesives: Manufacturers utilize DVB in the formulation of coatings and adhesives to actively improve the properties of adhesion, toughness, and chemical resistance.
- Ion Exchange Resins: DVB plays a crucial role in the production of ion exchange resins used in water softening, purification, and separation processes. These resins effectively remove ions and impurities from various solutions.
- Chemical Intermediates: It serves as a versatile intermediate in the synthesis of various chemicals, including pharmaceuticals, dyes, and specialty organic compounds.
DVB’s diverse range of applications makes it a valuable compound in industries such as manufacturing, water treatment, nuclear sciences, and chemical synthesis.
Questions:
Q: Is divinylbenzene dangerous?
A: DVB can be hazardous if not handled properly, as it is flammable and can cause skin and eye irritation.
Q: Is divinylbenzene safe?
A: While DVB has potential risks, it can be safely handled by following appropriate safety measures, such as using protective equipment and ensuring proper ventilation.
Q: Is divinylbenzene (DVB) toxic?
A: DVB is considered toxic, and prolonged exposure or ingestion can lead to adverse health effects. Precautions should be taken to minimize exposure.
Q: What is divinylbenzene copolymer?
A: DVB copolymer is a polymer formed by incorporating DVB as a co-monomer during polymerization, resulting in enhanced mechanical and chemical properties.
Q: Styrene-divinylbenzene copolymer?
A: Styrene-DVB copolymer is a type of copolymer where DVB and styrene are combined during polymerization, producing a resin with improved toughness, strength, and ion-exchange capabilities.