Poly aluminium chloride is a coagulant used in water treatment. It effectively removes impurities and suspended solids from water, improving its clarity and quality. Its use helps to prevent waterborne diseases.
| IUPAC Name | Poly(dichloroaluminum) |
| Molecular Formula | AlnCl(3n-m)(OH)m |
| CAS Number | 1327-41-9 |
| Synonyms | PAC, Aluminum chlorohydrate, Polyaluminum hydroxychloride, Aluminum chlorhydrate |
| InChI | InChI=1S/Al.2ClH.3H2O/h;21H;;;/q+3;;3+1/p-5 |
Poly aluminium chloride is a coagulant that is commonly used in water treatment to remove impurities and suspended solids from water. It has a variety of physical and chemical properties that make it useful in this application.
Poly aluminium chloride molar mass
The molar mass of poly aluminium chloride varies depending on the degree of polymerization and the concentration of the solution. The average molar mass of PAC is typically between 30,000 and 150,000 g/mol.
Poly aluminium chloride boiling point
Poly aluminium chloride does not have a fixed boiling point, as it is a mixture of various hydrolysis products. However, the boiling point of its individual components ranges from 105°C to 220°C.
Poly aluminium chloride melting point
Poly aluminium chloride also does not have a fixed melting point, as it is a mixture of various hydrolysis products. However, the melting point of its individual components ranges from 92°C to 195°C.
Poly aluminium chloride density g/ml
The density of poly aluminium chloride varies depending on the concentration of the solution. Typically, PAC solutions have a density of between 1.2 and 1.4 g/mL.
Poly aluminum chloride molecular weight
The molecular weight of poly aluminum chloride varies depending on the degree of polymerization and the concentration of the solution. The average molecular weight of PAC is typically between 30,000 and 150,000 g/mol.
Poly aluminum chloride Structure
Poly aluminum chloride is a polymer of aluminum and chloride ions. The structure of PAC is complex and varies depending on the degree of polymerization and the concentration of the solution. PAC is typically composed of various hydrolysis products, such as Al2(OH)3Cl and Al2(OH)5Cl.
Poly aluminum chloride formula
The formula for poly aluminum chloride is AlnCl(3n-m)(OH)m, where n represents the degree of polymerization and m represents the number of hydroxide ions. The exact formula of PAC varies depending on the degree of polymerization and the concentration of the solution.
| Appearance | Clear to slightly yellow liquid |
| Specific Gravity | 1.2-1.4 g/cm³ |
| Color | Colorless to pale yellow |
| Odor | Odorless |
| Molar Mass | 30,000-150,000 g/mol (average) |
| Density | 1.2-1.4 g/cm³ |
| Melting Point | 92°C-195°C (depends on degree of polymerization) |
| Boiling Point | 105°C-220°C (depends on degree of polymerization) |
| Flash Point | Not applicable (PAC is not flammable) |
| Water Solubility | Completely soluble in water |
| Solubility | Soluble in alcohol, ether, and chloroform |
| Vapour Pressure | Not applicable (PAC is not volatile) |
| Vapour Density | Not applicable (PAC is not volatile) |
| pKa | Not applicable (PAC is not an acid or base) |
| pH | 3.5-5.0 (typical range for PAC solutions) |
Poly Aluminium Chloride Safety and Hazards
Poly aluminium chloride is generally considered safe to handle and use in water treatment applications. However, like any chemical, it can pose some hazards if not handled properly. When handling PAC, it is important to wear appropriate personal protective equipment, including gloves and eye protection. PAC should be stored in a cool, dry, and well-ventilated area away from sources of ignition. If ingested or inhaled, PAC can cause irritation to the respiratory and digestive systems. In case of contact with skin or eyes, PAC should be washed off immediately with plenty of water.
| Hazard Symbols | None |
| Safety Description | – Wear appropriate personal protective equipment.- Store in a cool, dry, and well-ventilated area away from sources of ignition.- If ingested or inhaled, seek medical attention immediately.- In case of contact with skin or eyes, wash off immediately with plenty of water.- Dispose of PAC in accordance with local regulations. |
| UN IDs | Not applicable (PAC is not regulated as a hazardous material) |
| HS Code | 28273200 |
| Hazard Class | Not classified as hazardous material under UN Recommendations on the Transport of Dangerous Goods. |
| Packing Group | Not applicable |
| Toxicity | PAC is generally considered non-toxic when handled properly. However, ingestion or inhalation of PAC can cause irritation to the respiratory and digestive systems. It is important to follow proper handling and storage procedures when working with PAC to avoid any potential hazards. |
Polyaluminium Chloride Synthesis Methods
One can synthesize Polyaluminium chloride (PAC) using various methods, each resulting in PAC with slightly different properties.
- One common method involves reacting aluminum hydroxide with hydrochloric acid, which forms polymeric aluminum species. The resulting solution undergoes coagulation, sedimentation, and filtration to produce the final PAC product.
- Another method involves reacting aluminum chloride with sodium hydroxide, forming a precipitate of aluminum hydroxide. Adding hydrochloric acid polymerizes this precipitate into PAC. The resulting product undergoes processing to remove impurities and achieve the desired degree of polymerization.
- Aluminum sulfate reacts with sodium hydroxide to produce aluminum hydroxide, which can be used to synthesize PAC. The addition of hydrochloric acid results in the formation of PAC. Although less commonly used, this method can be more cost-effective in certain situations.
Achieving the desired properties, such as degree of polymerization and charge density, in PAC synthesis requires careful control of reaction conditions regardless of the method used.
Polyaluminium Chloride Uses
- Polyaluminium chloride (PAC) effectively removes suspended solids, turbidity, and other impurities from water, making it widely used in water treatment applications.
- PAC is also useful in treating wastewater and industrial effluent as it effectively removes color and organic matter from water.
- In the paper and pulp industry, PAC acts as a flocculant to improve the clarity and brightness of paper.
- PAC is also used as a binder in the production of refractory materials, ceramics, and cement due to its ability to form strong bonds between particles.
- PAC serves as a source of aluminum for the production of various aluminum-containing compounds, including aluminum sulfate, aluminum oxide, and aluminum hydroxide.
- These compounds find applications in various industries, such as catalysts, flame retardants, and fillers in plastics.
The versatility and effectiveness of PAC make it a valuable chemical for various applications. However, it is important to handle and dispose of PAC properly to minimize its impact on the environment and human health.
Questions:
Q: How do you calculate the dosing of poly aluminium chloride in water treatment?
A: The dosing of poly aluminium chloride (PAC) in water treatment depends on various factors, such as the type and quality of water, pH, and desired level of treatment. A common method for determining the optimal PAC dosage is jar testing, where small-scale tests are conducted to determine the appropriate PAC dosage and treatment conditions. In general, the dosage of PAC can range from 10-80 mg/L for water treatment applications.
Q: What is the price of poly aluminium chloride?
A: The price of poly aluminium chloride (PAC) can vary depending on various factors such as the location, supplier, and quantity purchased. In general, the price of PAC can range from $200-$400 per metric ton. However, the price may vary depending on the purity and concentration of the PAC product. It is important to note that the price of PAC can also fluctuate depending on market conditions and availability of raw materials.