Phosphorus pentasulfide (P2S5) is a compound consisting of two phosphorus atoms and five sulfur atoms. It is used in various applications, including the production of insecticides and lubricants.
| IUPAC Name | Phosphorus pentasulfide |
| Molecular Formula | P2S5 |
| CAS Number | 1314-80-3 |
| Synonyms | Phosphorus(V) sulfide; Diphosphorus pentasulfide; Phosphoric sulfide; Pentasulphurized phosphorus |
| InChI | InChI=1S/2P.5S |
Phosphorus Pentasulfide Properties
Phosphorus Pentasulfide Formula
The formula of phosphorus pentasulfide is P2S5. It consists of two phosphorus atoms bonded to five sulfur atoms.
Phosphorus Pentasulfide Molar Mass
The molar mass of diphosphorus pentasulfide can be calculated by adding the atomic masses of the constituent elements. The atomic mass of phosphorus (P) is approximately 30.97 g/mol, and the atomic mass of sulfur (S) is around 32.07 g/mol. Therefore, the molar mass of P2S5 is approximately 222.27 g/mol.
Phosphorus Pentasulfide Boiling Point
Diphosphorus pentasulfide has a boiling point of around 514 degrees Celsius (957 degrees Fahrenheit). At this temperature, the compound undergoes a phase transition from a liquid to a gas.
Phosphorus Pentasulfide Melting Point
The melting point of diphosphorus pentasulfide is approximately 280 degrees Celsius (536 degrees Fahrenheit). This is the temperature at which the compound changes from a solid to a liquid state.
Phosphorus Pentasulfide Density g/mL
The density of diphosphorus pentasulfide is about 2.02 g/mL. This indicates that the compound is relatively dense, with a high mass per unit volume.
Phosphorus Pentasulfide Molecular Weight
The molecular weight of diphosphorus pentasulfide, which is the sum of the atomic weights of its constituent elements, is approximately 222.27 g/mol.
Phosphorus Pentasulfide Structure
Diphosphorus pentasulfide has a molecular structure in which two phosphorus atoms are bonded to five sulfur atoms. The arrangement of atoms forms a trigonal bipyramidal shape, with the phosphorus atoms at the center and the sulfur atoms surrounding them.
Phosphorus Pentasulfide Solubility
Diphosphorus pentasulfide is sparingly soluble in water, meaning it dissolves only to a limited extent. However, it is more soluble in organic solvents such as benzene and carbon disulfide.
| Appearance | Yellow solid |
| Specific Gravity | 2.02 |
| Color | Yellow |
| Odor | Pungent odor |
| Molar Mass | 222.27 g/mol |
| Density | 2.02 g/mL |
| Melting Point | 280°C (536°F) |
| Boiling Point | 514°C (957°F) |
| Flash Point | Not available |
| Water Solubility | Sparingly soluble |
| Solubility | Soluble in organic solvents such as benzene and carbon disulfide |
| Vapor Pressure | Not available |
| Vapor Density | Not available |
| pKa | Not available |
| pH | Not available |
Phosphorus Pentasulfide Safety and Hazards
Diphosphorus pentasulfide poses several safety hazards and precautions should be taken when handling it. It can cause severe irritation and burns to the skin, eyes, and respiratory system upon contact or inhalation. Direct contact with the compound should be avoided, and protective gloves, goggles, and respiratory equipment should be used. It is also flammable and can ignite when exposed to heat or flames, producing toxic sulfur oxides. Proper storage away from ignition sources is necessary. Furthermore, diphosphorus pentasulfide should not be mixed with water or reactive substances as it can generate flammable or toxic gases. Adequate ventilation and adherence to safety protocols are crucial when working with this compound.
| Hazard Symbols | Flammable, Irritant |
| Safety Description | Causes severe skin burns and eye damage. Harmful if inhaled. Flammable solid. |
| UN IDs | UN 1340 |
| HS Code | 2812120000 |
| Hazard Class | 4.2 (Flammable solid), 8 (Corrosive) |
| Packing Group | II |
| Toxicity | Toxic |
Phosphorus Pentasulfide Synthesis Methods
Different methods can synthesize diphosphorus pentasulfide.
One common method for synthesizing diphosphorus pentasulfide involves heating elemental phosphorus and sulfur together in a controlled environment, typically in a sealed vessel. The high temperature facilitates the reaction, leading to the formation of diphosphorus pentasulfide.
Another method entails mixing phosphorus trisulfide (P4S3) with excess sulfur and heating the mixture to promote the reaction. The excess sulfur combines with the phosphorus trisulfide, resulting in the production of diphosphorus pentasulfide.
The reaction of phosphorus pentachloride (PCl5) with hydrogen sulfide (H2S) gas in the presence of a suitable solvent, like carbon disulfide, allows the preparation of diphosphorus pentasulfide. The reaction generates diphosphorus pentasulfide and releases hydrogen chloride (HCl) gas as a byproduct.
Please exercise caution when employing these synthesis methods due to the hazardous nature of the reactants and products involved. Ensure proper safety measures, such as using appropriate protective equipment and working in well-ventilated areas, during the synthesis process.
Phosphorus Pentasulfide Uses
Diphosphorus pentasulfide finds applications in various industries and processes due to its unique properties. Here are some of its uses:
- Insecticide production: Manufacturers utilize diphosphorus pentasulfide as a key ingredient in manufacturing insecticides, especially those for controlling pests like mosquitoes and ticks.
- Lubricant additive: Companies add diphosphorus pentasulfide to lubricants as an additive to enhance their extreme pressure and anti-wear properties. This additive improves the lubricating performance and protects machinery under high-stress conditions.
- Chemical synthesis: Diphosphorus pentasulfide acts as a reagent in several chemical reactions, such as synthesizing thionyl chloride (SOCl2), extensively used in organic synthesis.
- Pharmaceutical industry: The pharmaceutical industry employs diphosphorus pentasulfide in research and development processes to synthesize specific compounds and intermediates.
- Metal extraction: Metallurgical processes use diphosphorus pentasulfide for extracting certain metals, including copper and zinc, from their ores. It aids in removing impurities and facilitating the purification of metals.
- Production of dyes and pigments: Diphosphorus pentasulfide plays a role in synthesizing various dyes and pigments, serving as a key building block for their chemical structure.
- Chemical warfare agents: Historically, diphosphorus pentasulfide has found use in producing chemical warfare agents. However, international treaties strictly regulate and control its usage for such purposes.
It is important to note that due to the hazardous nature of diphosphorus pentasulfide, proper safety measures and protocols should be followed during its handling, storage, and disposal.
Questions:
Q: What is phosphorus pentasulfide dimer?
A: Diphosphorus pentasulfide dimer refers to the molecular structure of two phosphorus pentasulfide molecules chemically bonded together.
Q: What is the entropy of phosphorus pentasulfide?
A: The entropy of diphosphorus pentasulfide refers to the measure of its molecular disorder or randomness at a given temperature.
Q: What is the enthalpy of phosphorus pentasulfide?
A: The enthalpy of diphosphorus pentasulfide refers to the heat content or energy change associated with its chemical reactions or transformations.
Q: What is P2S5?
A: P2S5 is the molecular formula of diphosphorus pentasulfide, a compound composed of two phosphorus atoms bonded to five sulfur atoms.
Q: How many grams of sulfur are contained in 45.0g of P2S5?
A: 45.0g of P2S5 contains approximately 28.13g of sulfur.
Q: How many molecules of P2S5 are required to equal 222 grams?
A: Approximately 1.54 x 10^23 molecules of P2S5 are required to equal 222 grams.
Q: What is the name of P2S5?
A: The name of P2S5 is phosphorus pentasulfide.
Q: Is P2S5 a weak electrolyte?
A: No, P2S5 is not a weak electrolyte; it is a non-electrolyte.
Q: How do you know when P2S5 particle size is incorrect?
A: Incorrect particle size of P2S5 can be determined by observing deviations from the expected physical properties and behavior of the compound.
Q: What is P2S5 ochem2?
A: “ochem2” is not a recognized term or designation for P2S5 in the field of organic chemistry.
Q: What is the compound P2S5 called?
A: The compound P2S5 is called diphosphorus pentasulfide.
Q: What is P2S5 in chemistry?
A: In chemistry, P2S5 represents the molecular formula for diphosphorus pentasulfide, a compound used in various applications and chemical reactions.