N-Vinylpyrrolidone (NVP) is a versatile chemical compound used in various industries. It enhances adhesion, acts as a binder, and is a key ingredient in pharmaceuticals, cosmetics, and polymers.
| IUPAC Name | 1-Ethenyl-2-pyrrolidinone |
| Molecular Formula | C6H9NO |
| CAS Number | 88-12-0 |
| Synonyms | N-VP, N-Vinyl-2-pyrrolidinone, 1-Vinyl-2-pyrrolidinone |
| InChI | InChI=1S/C6H9NO/c1-2-6-4-3-5-7-6/h2H,1,3-5H2 |
N-Vinylpyrrolidone Properties
N-Vinylpyrrolidone Formula
The chemical formula of N-Vinylpyrrolidone is C6H9NO. It consists of six carbon atoms, nine hydrogen atoms, one nitrogen atom, and one oxygen atom. The formula represents the elemental composition of the compound.
N-Vinylpyrrolidone Molar Mass
The molar mass of NVP is 111.14 grams per mole. It is calculated by summing the atomic masses of all the atoms present in the compound. The molar mass is essential for various calculations and for determining the amount of substance in a given sample.
N-Vinylpyrrolidone Boiling Point
NVP has a boiling point of approximately 202 degrees Celsius. At this temperature, the compound changes from its liquid phase to a gaseous phase. The boiling point is influenced by intermolecular forces and molecular structure.
N-Vinylpyrrolidone Melting Point
The melting point of NVP is around -20 degrees Celsius. It is the temperature at which the solid form of the compound transforms into a liquid. The melting point depends on the arrangement and strength of the intermolecular forces within the substance.
N-Vinylpyrrolidone Density g/mL
NVP has a density of approximately 1.03 grams per milliliter. Density is the measure of mass per unit volume of a substance. The density of a liquid helps in determining its buoyancy and interaction with other materials.
N-Vinylpyrrolidone Molecular Weight
The molecular weight of NVP is 111.14 grams per mole. It represents the average mass of a molecule of the compound. Molecular weight plays a vital role in chemical reactions, stoichiometry, and determining the amount of substance in a given sample.
N-Vinylpyrrolidone Structure
NVP has a structure that consists of a pyrrolidone ring with a vinyl group attached to the nitrogen atom. The structure is responsible for its unique chemical and physical properties. It plays a crucial role in its reactivity and interactions with other molecules.
N-Vinylpyrrolidone Solubility
NVP is highly soluble in water and many organic solvents. Its solubility characteristics make it suitable for various applications, including as a solvent, reactant, and additive in various industries. The solubility depends on the compound’s polarity and intermolecular interactions.
| Appearance | Colorless to pale yellow liquid |
| Specific Gravity | 1.03 g/mL |
| Color | Colorless to pale yellow |
| Odor | Mild characteristic odor |
| Molar Mass | 111.14 g/mol |
| Density | 1.03 g/cm³ |
| Melting Point | -20 °C |
| Boiling Point | 202 °C |
| Flash Point | 94 °C (closed cup) |
| Water Solubility | Miscible |
| Solubility | Soluble in many organic solvents |
| Vapor Pressure | 0.3 mmHg at 25 °C |
| Vapor Density | 3.8 (vs air) |
| pKa | 7.8 |
| pH | Approximately 6-7 |
N-Vinylpyrrolidone Safety and Hazards
NVP should be handled with caution due to potential hazards. It may cause irritation to the skin, eyes, and respiratory system upon contact. Prolonged or repeated exposure can lead to dermatitis. Protective measures such as gloves, goggles, and respiratory protection should be used when working with this compound. It is important to avoid inhalation of vapors and ensure proper ventilation. NVP is flammable and can form explosive mixtures in the air. It should be stored away from ignition sources and incompatible substances. Proper disposal procedures must be followed to prevent environmental contamination.
| Hazard Symbols | Xi (Irritant), F (Flammable) |
| Safety Description | – Avoid contact with eyes and skin. Use in well-ventilated areas. Keep away from ignition sources. |
| UN IDs | UN 2810 |
| HS Code | 2933.29.90 |
| Hazard Class | 6.1 (Toxic), 3 (Flammable liquid) |
| Packing Group | III |
| Toxicity | May cause skin and eye irritation. Prolonged exposure may lead to dermatitis. Inhalation of vapors should be avoided. Can form explosive mixtures in the air. Proper disposal is necessary to prevent environmental contamination. |
N-Vinylpyrrolidone Synthesis Methods
There are several methods for synthesizing NVP.
One common method for synthesizing NVP involves reacting 2-pyrrolidone with acetylene or acetylene derivatives in the presence of a catalyst, such as palladium or copper, resulting in the formation of NVP as the main product.
Another synthesis method entails reacting 2-pyrrolidone with vinyl acetate or vinyl chloroacetate in the presence of a base catalyst, leading to the production of NVP.
A different approach includes reacting 2-pyrrolidone with vinyl chloride or vinylidene chloride in the presence of a base catalyst, resulting in the formation of NVP.
Furthermore, NVP can be synthesized by reacting 2-pyrrolidone with acrolein or its derivatives in the presence of a strong acid catalyst, leading to the formation of NVP.
It is important to note that the synthesis of NVP requires careful control of reaction conditions, such as temperature, catalyst concentration, and reaction time, to ensure a high yield and purity. Additionally, purification steps, such as distillation or recrystallization, may be employed to obtain pure NVP.
N-Vinylpyrrolidone Uses
N-Vinylpyrrolidone (NVP) finds extensive use in various industries due to its versatile properties. Here are some key applications of NVP:
- NVP has excellent adhesive properties and film-forming abilities, making it a crucial component in adhesives and coatings.
- The pharmaceutical industry relies on NVP as a vital ingredient in formulating pharmaceutical products such as controlled-release systems, drug delivery systems, and solubilizers for poorly soluble drugs.
- Cosmetics formulations, including hair styling products, employ NVP to enhance adhesion, film formation, and moisture retention.
- The textile industry utilizes NVP as a dye carrier and component in fabric treatments to improve dye absorption and color fastness.
- NVP is a key monomer in synthesizing various polymers, including polyvinylpyrrolidone (PVP), which finds applications in adhesives, coatings, pharmaceuticals, and personal care products.
- The photographic industry employs NVP in producing photographic films and papers as a protective colloid and viscosity modifier.
- In water treatment processes, NVP acts as a dispersant and scale inhibitor, inhibiting mineral scale formation.
- The electronics industry utilizes NVP in manufacturing electronic components and circuit boards as a solder-resist material and surface modifier.
- Agricultural products, such as crop protection chemicals and seed coatings, make use of NVP-based formulations.
- In the petroleum industry, NVP serves as a viscosity modifier and component in drilling fluids.
Questions:
Q: What are HEMA and N-Vinylpyrrolidone used for in contact lenses?
A: HEMA (hydroxyethyl methacrylate) is used as a primary material in soft contact lenses, while NVP is used as a comonomer to enhance water absorption and oxygen permeability.
Q: What are the uses of N-Vinyl-2-Pyrrolidone?
A: N-Vinyl-2-Pyrrolidone is utilized in various applications including adhesives, coatings, pharmaceuticals, cosmetics, and as a precursor in the synthesis of polymers.
Q: Is N-Vinylpyrrolidone responsive to anions?
A: No, NVP is not inherently responsive to anions but can be modified or functionalized to exhibit anion-responsive behavior.
Q: How can N-Vinyl-2-Pyrrolidone be prepared from 2-Pyrrolidone and acetylene?
A: N-Vinyl-2-Pyrrolidone is synthesized by reacting 2-Pyrrolidone with acetylene in the presence of a suitable catalyst, such as palladium or copper.
Q: What is N-Vinylpyrrolidone polymer?
A: NVP polymer refers to a polymer formed by polymerizing NVP monomers, often used in applications such as adhesives, coatings, and drug delivery systems.
Q: What is the solubility of polyvinyl alcohol in N-Vinylpyrrolidone?
A: Polyvinyl alcohol is highly soluble in NVP, forming a homogenous solution due to their compatible polar nature.