Hydrochloric acid is a strong, corrosive acid that is commonly used in laboratory and industrial settings. It is colorless and has a strong, pungent smell.
| IUPAC Name | Hydrochloric acid |
| Molecular Formula | HCl |
| CAS number | 7647-01-0 |
| Synonyms | Muriatic acid, Spirit of salt, Chlorohydric acid, Hydrogen chloride |
| InChI | InChI=1S/HCl/h1H/p-1 |
Hydrochloric Acid Properties
Hydrochloric Acid molar mass
The molar mass of hydrochloric acid is 36.46 g/mol. This value is determined by adding up the atomic masses of each element that makes up the compound, which in this case is hydrogen and chlorine. It is commonly used in labs and industrial settings as a strong acid.
Hydrochloric Acid boiling point
Hydrochloric acid has a boiling point of -85.6°C. This means that at this temperature, the liquid will begin to turn into a gas. The boiling point of hydrogen chloride is affected by the pressure it is under. The higher the pressure, the higher the boiling point will be.
Hydrochloric Acid melting point
Hydrochloric acid has a melting point of -114.8°C. This means that at this temperature, the solid will begin to turn into a liquid. The melting point of hydrogen chloride is affected by the pressure it is under. The higher the pressure, the lower the melting point will be.
Hydrochloric Acid density g/ml
The density of hydrochloric acid is 1.18 g/ml. This means that if you have 1 ml of hydrochloric acid, it will weigh 1.18 grams. The density of hydrogen chloride is affected by the concentration of the solution. The higher the concentration, the higher the density will be.
Hydrochloric Acid molecular weight
The molecular weight of HCl is 36.46 g/mol. This value is determined by adding up the atomic masses of each element that makes up the compound, which in this case is hydrogen and chlorine. The molecular weight of hydrogen chloride is important for determining its reactivity and behavior in chemical reactions.
| Appearance | Clear, colorless liquid |
| Specific Gravity | 1.19 g/cm3 |
| Color | Clear |
| Odor | Strong, pungent, corrosive |
| Molar Mass | 36.46 g/mol |
| Density | 1.18 g/cm3 |
| Melting Point | -85°C |
| Boiling Point | -85°C |
| Flash Point | N/A |
| Water Solubility | Completely miscible |
| Solubility | Miscible with water, alcohol, and ether |
| Vapour Pressure | 1560 mmHg at 25°C |
| Vapour Density | 1.2 g/mL at 25 °C |
| PKa | -7 |
| PH | 1 |
Hydrochloric Acid Safety and Hazards
Hydrogen chloride is a highly corrosive chemical that can cause severe burns and tissue damage if it comes into contact with skin or eyes. It can also produce toxic fumes if inhaled. Proper protective gear, including gloves, goggles, and a respirator, should always be worn when handling hydrogen chloride. It should be stored in a cool, well-ventilated area, away from heat sources and other chemicals. Spills or leaks should be cleaned up immediately and reported to the appropriate authorities.
| Hazard Symbol | Corrosive |
| Safety Description | Corrosive to the skin and eyes, can cause severe burns and permanent damage. Inhaling the fumes can cause respiratory irritation and damage. |
| UN ID | UN1789 |
| HS Code | 2835.39.00 |
| Hazard Class | 8 |
| Packing Group | III |
| Toxicity | High |
Hydrochloric Acid Synthesis Methods
Hydrochloric acid (HCl), also known as muriatic acid, is a highly corrosive and strong mineral acid that is commonly used in a variety of industrial and laboratory applications. One of the most common methods of synthesizing hydrogen chloride is through the reaction of chlorine gas and water. This reaction is typically performed in the presence of a catalyst, such as manganese dioxide, to speed up the process.
Another method of synthesizing HCl is through the reaction of sulfuric acid and salt, such as sodium chloride or calcium chloride. This reaction also produces sulfur dioxide gas as a byproduct.
A third method is by electrolysis of aqueous solution of salt. It is also possible to synthesize HCl through the oxidation of HCl gas with oxygen, or through the reaction of hydrogen chloride with a strong base, such as sodium hydroxide.
Hydrochloric Acid’s Uses
Hydrogen chloride (HCl), also known as muriatic acid, plays a vital role in a variety of industrial, laboratory, and household applications. As a strong inorganic acid, it acts as a cleaning agent and chemical reagent for various industries such as metalworking, food production, and construction. Metalworkers use it to clean and etch metal surfaces, food producers use it to sterilize equipment and adjust the pH levels of food products, and construction workers use it to clean and etch concrete surfaces. Additionally, it is used in the production of fertilizers, dyes, and pharmaceuticals. Laboratories also use it for titrations and pH adjustments. Despite its many benefits, HCl is highly corrosive and must be handled with caution.