Hydrobromic acid (HBr) is a strong acid composed of hydrogen and bromine. It is used in various industrial applications, such as the production of pharmaceuticals, dyes, and chemicals.
| IUPAC Name | Hydrogen bromide |
| Molecular Formula | HBr |
| CAS Number | 10035-10-6 |
| Synonyms | Bromane, Hydrogen bromide, Bromowodor, Hydrobromide, Hydrogen bromide, Anhydrous, Hydrogen bromide solution, Monobromide, Bromic acid, Hydro-, Hydrogenmonobromid, Hydrogen bromide anhydrous |
| InChI | InChI=1S/BrH/h1H |
Hydrobromic Acid Properties
Hydrobromic Acid formula
The chemical formula for hydrobromic acid is HBr. This formula indicates that each molecule of hydrobromic acid contains one hydrogen atom and one bromine atom. The formula is important in chemical reactions and the production of industrial chemicals, as it provides information about the composition of the substance and the amount of each element present.
Hydrobromic Acid molar mass
Hydrobromic acid has a molar mass of approximately 80.91 g/mol. It is composed of hydrogen and bromine, with one hydrogen atom and one bromine atom per molecule. Molar mass is an important physical property that is used to calculate the amount of a substance in a given volume or mass of a sample. This information is essential in chemical reactions and the production of industrial chemicals.
Hydrobromic Acid boiling point
HBr acid has a boiling point of approximately -66.8°C (-88.2°F). It is a highly volatile liquid at room temperature, which means it can easily evaporate and turn into a gas. The boiling point of hydrobromic acid is an important physical property that is used in the production of various chemicals and pharmaceuticals. It is also important in the handling and storage of hydrobromic acid, as it helps determine the appropriate temperature range for transportation and storage.
Hydrobromic Acid melting point
HBr acid is not commonly found in its solid state, and therefore does not have a defined melting point. However, when dissolved in water, it can freeze at temperatures below 0°C (32°F). This property is important in the production and handling of HBr, as it can impact the stability of the chemical and its effectiveness in various applications.
Hydrobromic Acid density g/ml
HBr acid has a density of approximately 1.49 g/mL at room temperature. Density is an important physical property that is used to determine the volume of a substance in a given mass or weight. This information is essential in the production of chemicals and the handling of hazardous materials, as it can help determine the appropriate storage and transportation conditions.
Hydrobromic Acid molecular weight
The molecular weight of HBr acid is approximately 80.91 g/mol. This value is important in the calculation of the amount of HBr needed for a specific chemical reaction or industrial process. It is also used in the production of pharmaceuticals and other chemicals, where precise measurements are essential.
Hydrobromic Acid structure
HBr acid has a simple molecular structure, consisting of one hydrogen atom and one bromine atom per molecule. The hydrogen and bromine atoms are held together by a covalent bond, in which they share electrons. This structure is important in understanding the chemical and physical properties of HBr acid, such as its reactivity, boiling point, and solubility in water.
| Appearance | Colorless to pale yellow liquid |
| Specific Gravity | 1.49 at 20°C |
| Color | Colorless to pale yellow |
| Odor | Pungent, irritating odor |
| Molar Mass | 80.91 g/mol |
| Density | 1.49 g/mL at 20°C |
| Melting Point | -86°C (-123°F) |
| Boiling Point | -66.8°C (-88.2°F) |
| Flash Point | Not applicable (non-flammable) |
| Water Solubility | Completely miscible with water |
| Solubility | Soluble in ethanol and ether |
| Vapor Pressure | 1.3 kPa at 20°C |
| Vapor Density | 2.77 (air = 1) |
| pKa | -9 |
| pH | <1 (when dissolved in water) |
Hydrobromic Acid Safety and Hazards
HBr is a highly corrosive and reactive substance that can pose significant safety hazards if not handled properly. It can cause severe burns and respiratory irritation upon contact with the skin, eyes, or inhalation. It is also highly reactive with other chemicals and can generate toxic fumes when exposed to certain compounds. When handling HBr, you should wear proper personal protective equipment such as gloves, eye protection, and respiratory protection. Furthermore, you must use it in well-ventilated areas, store it in appropriate containers away from incompatible chemicals, and handle it carefully.
| Hazard Symbols | Corrosive |
| Safety Description | Corrosive; causes severe skin burns and eye damage. Very toxic if inhaled. May be corrosive to metals. |
| UN IDs | UN 1788 |
| HS Code | 2811.19.00 |
| Hazard Class | 8 (Corrosive substances) |
| Packing Group | II |
| Toxicity | Highly toxic; LD50 (oral, rat) = 200 mg/kg |
Hydrobromic Acid Synthesis Methods
Various methods can synthesize HBr. One common method involves passing hydrogen gas and bromine gas through a reaction vessel containing a catalyst such as platinum or iron filings. A reaction takes place that produces hydrogen bromide gas, which dissolves in water to form HBr.
Another method requires adding sodium bromide to sulfuric acid, resulting in the formation of hydrogen bromide gas. The gas is then bubbled through water to produce HBr.
Calcium bromide can also react with sulfuric acid to produce hydrogen bromide gas. The gas is then bubbled through water to form HBr.
Finally, the reaction between hydrogen chloride gas and bromine gas can produce HBr. However, this method is not commonly used due to the high reactivity of the two gases and the potential for explosive reactions.
Hydrobromic Acid Uses
HBr finds various industrial and laboratory applications, where it acts as a reagent in chemical synthesis reactions and aids in the production of other chemicals. It serves as a significant source of bromine for the manufacturing of pharmaceuticals, agricultural chemicals, and flame retardants.
The electronics industry employs HBr for etching metals and cleaning electronic components. It acts as a catalyst for the alkylation of hydrocarbons in the petroleum industry.
Dyes, pigments, and photographic chemicals are produced using HBr. It is added to certain cheeses as a food additive and used as a preservative in canning some fruits and vegetables.
Researchers have explored the potential medical applications of HBr. They have discovered its antimicrobial properties and explored its use as a treatment for infections caused by antibiotic-resistant bacteria. Additionally, HBr has been studied for its potential in cancer therapy.
Questions:
Is hydrobromic acid a strong acid?
Yes, hydrobromic acid is a strong acid. It is classified as a strong acid because it completely dissociates in water to produce hydrogen ions (H+) and bromide ions (Br-). This dissociation occurs in a process called ionization, which is represented by the following equation:
HBr (hydrobromic acid) + H2O (water) ⇌ H3O+ (hydronium ion) + Br- (bromide ion)
In this equation, HBr completely dissociates into H+ and Br- ions, which makes it a strong acid. The strength of an acid is determined by its ability to donate hydrogen ions in water, and since HBr completely ionizes in water, it is a strong acid.
What is the chemical formula for hydrobromic acid?
The chemical formula for hydrobromic acid is HBr.
Which salt is produced by the neutralization of hydrobromic acid with magnesium hydroxide?
The neutralization of hydrobromic acid (HBr) with magnesium hydroxide (Mg(OH)2) results in the formation of magnesium bromide (MgBr2) and water (H2O). This is represented by the following chemical equation:
2HBr + Mg(OH)2 → MgBr2 + 2H2O
Magnesium hydroxide neutralizes hydrobromic acid to produce the salt magnesium bromide.