2-Heptanol is a seven-carbon alcohol with a pleasant, fruity odor. It is used in the manufacturing of fragrances, solvents, and plasticizers, contributing to various industries’ functionality and appeal.
| IUPAC Name | 2-Heptanol |
| Molecular Formula | C7H16O |
| CAS Number | 543-49-7 |
| Synonyms | Heptyl alcohol, sec-heptyl alcohol, 2-Heptyl alcohol |
| InChI | InChI=1S/C7H16O/c1-3-5-6-7(4-2)8/h7-8H,3-6H2,1-2H3 |
2-Heptanol Properties
2-Heptanol Formula
The formula for sec-heptyl alcohol is C7H16O. It consists of seven carbon atoms, sixteen hydrogen atoms, and one oxygen atom. The arrangement of these atoms gives sec-heptyl alcohol its unique properties and characteristics.
2-Heptanol Molar Mass
The molar mass of sec-heptyl alcohol is calculated by adding up the atomic masses of its constituent elements. In this case, the molar mass is approximately 116.20 grams per mole (g/mol). This value provides important information for various chemical calculations and conversions.
2-Heptanol Boiling Point
Sec-heptyl alcohol has a boiling point of around 158 degrees Celsius (°C). This means that at atmospheric pressure, the liquid form of sec-heptyl alcohol will start to vaporize and convert into a gas state at this temperature. The boiling point plays a crucial role in determining the substance’s volatility and its applications in different industries.
2-Heptanol Melting Point
The melting point of sec-heptyl alcohol is approximately -34 degrees Celsius (°C). At this temperature, the solid form of sec-heptyl alcohol will begin to liquefy and transform into a liquid state. The melting point is essential for understanding the substance’s phase transitions and its behavior under different temperature conditions.
2-Heptanol Density g/mL
The density of sec-heptyl alcohol is around 0.821 grams per milliliter (g/mL). Density is a measure of how much mass is contained within a specific volume of a substance. The density of sec-heptyl alcohol helps in determining its concentration and its behavior when mixed with other substances.
2-Heptanol Molecular Weight
The molecular weight of sec-heptyl alcohol, also known as the molar mass, is approximately 116.20 grams per mole (g/mol). It is the sum of the atomic weights of all the atoms present in one molecule of sec-heptyl alcohol. This value is crucial for various calculations, such as determining stoichiometry and reaction yields.
2-Heptanol Structure
The structure of sec-heptyl alcohol consists of a chain of seven carbon atoms with a hydroxyl (-OH) group attached to the second carbon atom. This arrangement is responsible for its alcohol properties and plays a vital role in its chemical reactivity and interactions with other substances.
2-Heptanol Solubility
sec-heptyl alcohol is moderately soluble in water, meaning it can dissolve to some extent. However, its solubility in water is limited due to its hydrophobic nature. It exhibits better solubility in organic solvents, such as ethanol and ether. The solubility of sec-heptyl alcohol is important for understanding its behavior in different environments and its applications in various industries.
| Appearance | Colorless liquid |
| Specific Gravity | 0.821 g/mL |
| Color | Colorless |
| Odor | Fruity |
| Molar Mass | 116.20 g/mol |
| Density | 0.821 g/mL |
| Melting Point | -34 °C |
| Boiling Point | 158 °C |
| Flash Point | 71 °C |
| Water Solubility | Moderately soluble |
| Solubility | Soluble in organic solvents such as ethanol and ether |
| Vapour Pressure | 0.68 mmHg at 25 °C |
| Vapour Density | 4.0 (air = 1) |
| pKa | 16.27 |
| pH | Neutral (around 7) |
2-Heptanol Safety and Hazards
Sec-heptyl alcohol poses certain safety considerations and hazards. It is flammable, so it should be stored away from ignition sources and handled with caution. Inhaling its vapors can cause respiratory irritation, dizziness, and headaches. Skin contact may lead to irritation and potential allergic reactions. Eye exposure should be avoided, as it can cause irritation and possible damage. Proper ventilation and personal protective equipment, such as gloves and goggles, should be used when working with sec-heptyl alcohol. In case of ingestion, medical attention should be sought immediately. It is important to follow safety guidelines and handle this substance in a responsible manner to minimize risks.
| Hazard Symbols | Flammable (F), Harmful (Xn) |
| Safety Description | Keep away from ignition sources. Use in a well-ventilated area. Avoid inhalation, skin, and eye contact. |
| UN IDs | UN 3082 |
| HS Code | 2905.19.00 |
| Hazard Class | 3 (Flammable Liquids) |
| Packing Group | III |
| Toxicity | Moderately toxic |
2-Heptanol Synthesis Methods
There are several synthesis methods for sec-heptyl alcohol.
One common approach is the hydration of heptene, where heptene reacts with water in the presence of an acid catalyst, such as sulfuric acid or phosphoric acid. This reaction leads to the formation of sec-heptyl alcohol as the desired product.
Another method involves the reduction of the corresponding ketone, 2-Heptanone. To accomplish the reduction reaction, one can utilize reducing agents like sodium borohydride or lithium aluminum hydride dissolved in a suitable solvent. The reducing agents undergo a chemical transformation of the ketone, converting it into sec-heptyl alcohol through the reduction process.
Furthermore, the synthesis of sec-heptyl alcohol can be accomplished by hydrogenating heptanal. This process involves adding hydrogen gas to the reaction mixture in the presence of a catalyst such as palladium or platinum. This reaction converts heptanal into sec-heptyl alcohol.
Each of these synthesis methods offers a reliable way to produce sec-heptyl alcohol, allowing for its use in various applications across industries such as fragrance, solvent, and plasticizer manufacturing. Careful attention to reaction conditions, catalyst selection, and purification steps is important to achieve optimal yield and purity of sec-heptyl alcohol.
2-Heptanol Uses
sec-heptyl alcohol finds numerous applications across various industries. Here are some common uses:
- The fragrance industry extensively uses sec-heptyl alcohol due to its pleasant fruity odor, making it a common fragrance ingredient in perfumes, colognes, and other scented products.
- Various applications, such as paint and coating formulations, utilize sec-heptyl alcohol as a solvent to dissolve and disperse different components, contributing to the desired consistency and application properties of the final product.
- In the manufacturing of plasticizers, sec-heptyl alcohol plays a crucial role in enhancing the flexibility and durability of plastics, modifying the properties of polymers to make them more malleable and resistant to cracking.
- sec-heptyl alcohol serves as an intermediate in synthesizing various chemicals, including esters and ethers, which have their own unique uses across industries like pharmaceuticals, flavors, and fragrances.
- Agricultural formulations benefit from sec-heptyl alcohol as a wetting agent that improves the spreadability and adherence of pesticides and herbicides on plant surfaces, ensuring better effectiveness.
- The production of lubricants and metalworking fluids utilizes sec-heptyl alcohol to reduce friction and improve machining processes.
- sec-heptyl alcohol finds application as a reagent in organic synthesis, participating in reactions such as oxidation, esterification, and reduction.
- Laboratories use sec-heptyl alcohol actively as a solvent for various analytical and research purposes because it has the ability to dissolve in both water and organic solvents.
- Industries actively employ sec-heptyl alcohol as a cleaning agent to actively remove contaminants and residues from surfaces.
- sec-heptyl alcohol actively serves as a component in antifoaming agents, actively reducing or preventing foam formation in different industrial processes.
Questions:
Q: What products are formed with the dehydration of 2-heptanol?
A: The dehydration of sec-heptyl alcohol typically forms the products heptene and water.
Q: What products would be obtained by the dehydration of 2-heptanol and 2-methyl-1-cyclohexanol?
A: The dehydration of sec-heptyl alcohol would yield heptene and water, while the dehydration of 2-methyl-1-cyclohexanol would result in the formation of 1-methylcyclohexene and water.
Q: Which product would be obtained by the dehydration of 2-heptanol?
A: The primary product obtained by the dehydration of sec-heptyl alcohol is heptene.
Q: Which products would be obtained by the dehydration of 2-heptanol?
A: The main products obtained through the dehydration of sec-heptyl alcohol are heptene and water.
Q: What is the 2-heptanol NMR?
A: The NMR spectrum of sec-heptyl alcohol typically shows signals corresponding to the hydroxyl (-OH) group, the methylene (CH2) group, and the methyl (CH3) group.
Q: What is the oxidation product of 2-heptanol?
A: The oxidation of sec-heptyl alcohol can lead to the formation of 2-heptanone, which contains a ketone functional group.
Q: Which products would be obtained by the dehydration of 2-heptanol and 1-methyl-1-cyclohexanol?
A: The dehydration of sec-heptyl alcohol would produce heptene and water, while the dehydration of 1-methyl-1-cyclohexanol would yield cyclohexene and water.