1-Octanol is a colorless liquid with a floral odor. It is used in the production of various chemicals, such as flavors, perfumes, and pharmaceuticals.
| IUPAC Name | Octan-1-ol |
| Molecular Formula | C8H18O |
| CAS Number | 111-87-5 |
| Synonyms | Octyl alcohol, Caprylic alcohol, n-Octanol, Capryl alcohol |
| InChI | InChI=1S/C8H18O/c1-2-3-4-5-6-7-8-9/h9H,2-8H2,1H3 |
1-Octanol Properties
1-Octanol Formula
The formula of 1-octanol is C8H18O. It consists of eight carbon atoms, eighteen hydrogen atoms, and one oxygen atom. The arrangement of these atoms in the molecule determines the chemical properties of 1-octanol.
1-Octanol Molar Mass
The molar mass of octyl alcohol is calculated by adding the atomic masses of its constituent atoms. In this case, the molar mass is determined to be approximately 130.23 grams per mole (g/mol). It is an important value used in various chemical calculations and conversions.
1-Octanol Boiling Point
Octyl alcohol has a boiling point of around 195 degrees Celsius (383 degrees Fahrenheit). This means that when the temperature reaches or exceeds this value, octyl alcohol will undergo a phase change from a liquid to a gas. The boiling point is an important characteristic used to determine the volatility of a substance.
1-Octanol Melting Point
The melting point of octyl alcohol is about -16 degrees Celsius (3 degrees Fahrenheit). This temperature represents the point at which the solid form of octyl alcohol begins to melt and convert into a liquid. The melting point provides insights into the substance’s physical state and its behavior during heating or cooling processes.
1-Octanol Density g/mL
The density of octyl alcohol is approximately 0.83 grams per milliliter (g/mL). Density is a measure of how much mass is packed into a given volume. In the case of octyl alcohol, this value indicates that it is less dense than water, as water has a density of 1 g/mL.
1-Octanol Molecular Weight
The molecular weight of octyl alcohol, calculated by summing the atomic weights of its constituent elements, is approximately 130.23 g/mol. It is a crucial parameter in various chemical calculations, including stoichiometry, molar concentrations, and determining reaction yields.
1-Octanol Structure
The structure of octyl alcohol consists of a hydrocarbon chain with eight carbon atoms (octyl group) and a hydroxyl group (-OH) attached to one end. This arrangement gives octyl alcohol its characteristic properties and reactivity, making it useful in various applications.
1-Octanol Solubility
Octyl alcohol is moderately soluble in water. It exhibits hydrophobic characteristics due to its long hydrocarbon chain, making it more soluble in organic solvents. This solubility behavior is important when considering its applications in extraction processes and as a solvent in various industries.
| Appearance | Colorless liquid |
| Specific Gravity | 0.824 – 0.828 g/mL |
| Color | N/A |
| Odor | Floral |
| Molar Mass | 130.23 g/mol |
| Density | 0.83 g/mL |
| Melting Point | -16 °C (-3 °F) |
| Boiling Point | 195 °C (383 °F) |
| Flash Point | 86 °C (187 °F) |
| Water Solubility | Moderately soluble |
| Solubility | Soluble in organic solvents such as ether, ethanol and benzene |
| Vapor Pressure | 0.9 mmHg at 25 °C |
| Vapor Density | 4.5 (air = 1) |
| pKa | 16.24 |
| pH | N/A |
1-Octanol Safety and Hazards
Octyl alcohol poses certain safety concerns and hazards that should be taken into consideration. It is flammable and can form explosive vapor-air mixtures. Therefore, it should be handled with caution, away from ignition sources. Inhaling or ingesting octyl alcohol can cause irritation to the respiratory and gastrointestinal systems. Direct contact with the skin and eyes may lead to irritation as well. Adequate ventilation and personal protective equipment should be used when working with this compound. It is important to follow proper storage and disposal procedures to prevent environmental contamination. Always consult the safety data sheet (SDS) for detailed safety instructions and guidelines.
| Hazard Symbols | Flammable (F) |
| Safety Description | Keep away from heat, sparks, open flames, and hot surfaces. Use in a well-ventilated area. Avoid direct contact with skin and eyes. Handle and store in a safe manner. Refer to SDS for detailed instructions. |
| UN IDs | UN 3082 (Class 9) |
| HS Code | 2905.16.00 |
| Hazard Class | 3 (Flammable liquid) |
| Packing Group | III |
| Toxicity | Low toxicity. May cause irritation upon exposure. |
1-Octanol Synthesis Methods
Various methods exist for the synthesis of octyl alcohol.
One common method is the hydroformylation of 1-octene, which involves reacting 1-octene with carbon monoxide and hydrogen in the presence of a catalyst such as rhodium or cobalt. This process results in the formation of a mixture of aldehydes, and subsequent hydrogenation of the aldehyde yields octyl alcohol.
Another method entails the reaction of 1-octene with water, under the influence of an acid catalyst, to achieve the hydration process, leading to the formation of octyl alcohol.
Additionally, the reduction of octanal, obtained from the oxidation of 1-octene, using a reducing agent such as sodium borohydride or lithium aluminum hydride can also produce octyl alcohol.
In one approach, the catalyst facilitates the addition of alcohol to 1-octene, resulting in the production of the corresponding alcohol, specifically octyl alcohol.
These methods provide different routes for the synthesis of octyl alcohol, allowing flexibility in choosing the most suitable approach for specific applications.
1-Octanol Uses
Octyl alcohol finds various uses in different industries due to its unique properties. Here are some of its notable applications:
- Flavor and Fragrance Industry: Octyl alcohol plays a crucial role in the production of flavors and fragrances, serving as a precursor. Its pleasant floral odor enhances the value of perfumes, colognes, and scented products.
- Pharmaceutical Industry: The pharmaceutical industry utilizes Octyl alcohol as a solvent and intermediate for synthesizing pharmaceutical compounds. Its capacity to dissolve both polar and nonpolar substances makes it suitable for developing formulations and drug delivery systems.
- Chemical Intermediates: Octyl alcohol acts as an intermediate in the production of various chemicals. Through reactions, it yields compounds used in the manufacturing of plasticizers, surfactants, lubricants, and additives for paints and coatings.
- Emulsifiers and Surfactants: In cosmetic and personal care products, Octyl alcohol functions as an emulsifier and surfactant. Its amphiphilic nature stabilizes oil-in-water emulsions and enhances the spreadability of formulations.
- Extraction Solvent: Analytical laboratories employ Octyl alcohol as an extraction solvent to separate and purify compounds. It is commonly used in liquid-liquid extractions to isolate target substances from complex mixtures.
- Research and Development: Octyl alcohol serves as a versatile reagent in laboratories for various chemical reactions and experimental procedures. Its wide solubility range and compatibility with different compounds make it a valuable tool in research and development activities.
- Pesticide and Herbicide Formulations: In pesticide and herbicide products, Octyl alcohol functions as a solvent and component of formulations. It aids in dissolving active ingredients, improving their stability, and facilitating their delivery to target organisms.
- Cleaning Agents: Industrial and household cleaning agents utilize Octyl alcohol as a surfactant and degreaser. Its ability to dissolve greasy substances effectively removes stubborn stains and residues.
Questions:
Q: How to calculate DDT concentration in adipose tissue in steady state using octanol-water partitioning?
A: The DDT concentration in adipose tissue at steady state can be calculated using the octanol-water partition coefficient (Kow) and the concentration of DDT in water according to the equation: Concentration in adipose tissue = Kow x Concentration in water.
Q: Is 1-octanol polar?
A: No, octyl alcohol is not polar. It is a nonpolar compound due to its long hydrocarbon chain.
Q: Is octanol soluble in water?
A: No, octanol is not soluble in water due to its nonpolar nature.
Q: What is the IUPAC name of the major product of the acid-catalyzed dehydration of 2-octanol?
A: The major product of the acid-catalyzed dehydration of 2-octanol is 2-octene.
Q: Which would be more soluble in water and why, methanol or 1-octanol?
A: Methanol would be more soluble in water compared to octyl alcohol because methanol is a polar compound that can form hydrogen bonds with water molecules.
Q: How many moles are in 1-octanol?
A: One mole of octyl alcohol is equal to approximately 130.23 grams (molar mass).
Q: Is 1-octanol polar or nonpolar?
A: octyl alcohol is a nonpolar compound.
Q: Is 1-octanol soluble in water?
A: octyl alcohol is slightly soluble in water but exhibits higher solubility in organic solvents.
Q: What are the hazards associated with 1-octanol?
A: Hazards of octyl alcohol include flammability, skin and eye irritation upon direct contact, and inhalation hazards in high concentrations. Proper handling, storage, and safety precautions should be followed.