1-Octadecene (C18H36) is an eighteen-carbon hydrocarbon. It is commonly used in industries for manufacturing detergents, plastics, and lubricants due to its versatile properties and chemical reactivity.
| IUPAC Name | Octadec-1-ene |
| Molecular Formula | C18H36 |
| CAS Number | 112-88-9 |
| Synonyms | Stearyl ethylene, Octadecylene |
| InChI | InChI=1S/C18H36/c1-3-5-7-9-11-13-15-17-18-16-14-12-10-8-6-4-2/h3H,4-18H2,1-2H3 |
1-Octadecene Properties
1-Octadecene Formula
The formula of 1-Octadecene is C18H36. It consists of 18 carbon atoms and 36 hydrogen atoms. This hydrocarbon has a linear structure, with a double bond between the first and second carbon atoms.
1-Octadecene Molar Mass
The molar mass of octadecylene is calculated by adding the atomic masses of all its constituent atoms. With 18 carbon atoms having an atomic mass of approximately 12.01 g/mol and 36 hydrogen atoms having an atomic mass of around 1.01 g/mol, the molar mass of octadecylene is approximately 252.50 g/mol.
1-Octadecene Boiling Point
octadecylene has a relatively high boiling point of around 315°C (599°F). This means that at temperatures below this point, octadecylene remains in a liquid state. Its high boiling point makes it suitable for various applications in industries such as manufacturing, where elevated temperatures are often involved.
1-Octadecene Melting Point
The melting point of octadecylene is around -22°C (-8°F). This indicates that at temperatures below this point, octadecylene solidifies and forms a crystalline structure. The relatively low melting point allows for easy handling and storage of the compound.
1-Octadecene Density g/mL
The density of octadecylene is approximately 0.774 g/mL. This value signifies the mass of the compound per unit volume. The relatively low density of octadecylene allows it to float on water.
1-Octadecene Molecular Weight
The molecular weight of octadecylene is approximately 252.50 g/mol. It is calculated by summing up the atomic masses of all the atoms present in a molecule. The molecular weight provides valuable information for various calculations and formulations involving octadecylene.
1-Octadecene Structure
Octadecylene has a linear structure with 18 carbon atoms arranged in a chain. The first and second carbon atoms are connected by a double bond. The remaining carbon atoms are bonded to hydrogen atoms. This structure gives octadecylene its unique properties and reactivity.
1-Octadecene Solubility
Octadecylene is insoluble in water. However, it is soluble in non-polar organic solvents such as hexane, toluene, and chloroform. Its solubility characteristics make it suitable for use in various industrial processes and applications.
| Appearance | Clear liquid |
| Specific Gravity | 0.774 g/mL |
| Color | Colorless |
| Odor | Mild |
| Molar Mass | 252.50 g/mol |
| Density | 0.774 g/mL |
| Melting Point | -22°C (-8°F) |
| Boiling Point | 315°C (599°F) |
| Flash Point | >110°C (>230°F) |
| Water Solubility | Insoluble |
| Solubility | Soluble in non-polar solvents |
| Vapour Pressure | Not available |
| Vapour Density | Not available |
| pKa | Not available |
| pH | Neutral |
1-Octadecene Safety and Hazards
Octadecylene poses certain safety and hazards considerations. It is important to handle this substance with care. It may cause skin and eye irritation upon contact. In case of contact, immediate rinsing with water is recommended. It is advisable to wear protective gloves and safety goggles when working with octadecylene. It is flammable and should be stored away from open flames and sources of ignition. Adequate ventilation is necessary to prevent the accumulation of vapors. Spills should be promptly cleaned up, as it can create slippery surfaces. Overall, following proper safety measures and guidelines is crucial to ensure safe handling and usage of octadecylene.
| Hazard Symbols | None |
| Safety Description | Avoid contact with skin and eyes. Use in a well-ventilated area. Keep away from open flames. Wear protective gloves and goggle. Promptly clean up spills |
| UN IDs | Not applicable |
| HS Code | 2901.10.00 |
| Hazard Class | Not classified |
| Packing Group | Not applicable |
| Toxicity | Low toxicity |
1-Octadecene Synthesis Methods
Various methods synthesize octadecylene.
One common method for synthesizing octadecylene is by catalytically oligomerizing ethylene. In this process, a catalyst, such as a transition metal complex, promotes the formation of longer carbon chains from ethylene gas. The reaction occurs at elevated temperatures and pressures, leading to the production of octadecylene and other oligomers.
The oligomerization of ethylene produces 1-octene, which can undergo hydroformylation. Hydroformylation, also known as the oxo process, utilizes a catalyst, typically a rhodium-based complex, to react 1-octene with carbon monoxide and hydrogen. This reaction results in the formation of aldehydes, including 1-octadecanal. The reduction of 1-octadecanal yields octadecylene.
Hydrogenation of oleic acid, a common fatty acid in vegetable oils, yields octadecylene. The hydrogenation process involves reacting oleic acid with hydrogen gas in the presence of a catalyst, such as nickel or platinum. This process saturates the double bonds in the oleic acid molecule, converting it into octadecylene.
These synthesis methods offer viable routes for industrial-scale production of octadecylene. The choice of method depends on factors such as the availability of starting materials, desired purity, and cost-effectiveness.
1-Octadecene Uses
Octadecylene finds numerous applications in various industries due to its versatile properties. Here are some common uses:
- Manufacturers utilize octadecylene to produce detergents, soaps, and other cleaning agents as it serves as an effective surfactant by reducing surface tension and possessing hydrophobic properties.
- Various polymers and plastics benefit from the inclusion of octadecylene as a comonomer during synthesis, thereby enhancing their mechanical and thermal properties. This includes high-density polyethylene (HDPE) and linear low-density polyethylene (LLDPE).
- Producers incorporate octadecylene into lubricants and additives due to its exceptional lubricating properties, resulting in reduced friction, improved wear resistance, and enhanced performance of lubricating oils.
- The production of waxes, including petroleum waxes and synthetic waxes, involves the use of octadecylene. This compound contributes to their melting point, hardness, and glossiness. It is also integral to candle manufacturing.
- Octadecylene serves as a precursor for the synthesis of a diverse range of chemicals and compounds. Through reactions such as hydrogenation, oxidation, and functionalization, it yields various products extensively used in industries such as pharmaceuticals, flavors, and fragrances.
- Adhesives and sealants formulated with octadecylene exhibit improved adhesion, flexibility, and durability.
- The paper industry employs octadecylene as a sizing agent, which enhances water resistance and printability.
- Within the textile industry, octadecylene functions as a softening agent and lubricant during fiber production.
- The efficacy of crop protection products, including herbicides and insecticides, is enhanced through the inclusion of octadecylene as an ingredient in agricultural applications.
Overall, the wide range of applications demonstrates the importance of octadecylene in various industries and its role in enhancing the performance and properties of different products.
Questions
Q: Will 1-Octadecene dissolve a plastic syringe?
A: No, octadecylene does not dissolve a plastic syringe as it is not reactive towards most common plastics.
Q: Would toluene or acetone react with octadecene?
A: Toluene and acetone do not react with octadecylene as they are chemically inert towards each other.
Q: What wavelength does octadecene absorb?
A: Octadecylene absorbs UV light in the range of approximately 200-220 nm.
Q: Can octadecene be used for gold nanoparticle synthesis?
A: Yes, octadecylene is commonly used as a solvent and surfactant in the synthesis of gold nanoparticles.
Q: What information does octadecene proton NMR provide?
A: Proton NMR spectroscopy of octadecylene provides information about its molecular structure and the chemical environment of its hydrogen atoms.
Q: How can octadecene be removed from a toluene solution?
A: Octadecylene can be removed from a toluene solution through techniques such as solvent evaporation, distillation, or liquid-liquid extraction with appropriate solvents.